ON. voiced stops became nasals before nasals; [{bdg}{mn}] > [{mnŋ}{mn}]
This sound change was described by David Salo (GS/§4.47) and can be deduced from the examples in The Etymologies. The clearest examples of this change are:
In the second example, ON. yadme is attested as an element in ON. elyadme “sky-bridge” = “rainbow” (Ety/ƷEL) and its later form ON. *yanme is attested in the plural: yanmī “bridges” (PE22/27). @@@ Later changed to only homorganic stops (VT42/26)
@@@ but see ✶ledme-mbasta > lenm(e)mbast(a) > lenmbast > S. lembas (PE17/51)References ✧ PE22/26, 35
Order (04700)
| After | 01700 | voiceless stops were voiced before nasals |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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Phonetic Rule Examples
| dubna > dumna | bn > mn | ᴹ√DUB > N. dofn | ✧ Ety/DUB |
| kelebna > kelemna | bn > mn | ᴹ√KYÉLEP > celefn > N. celevon | ✧ Ety/KYELEP |
| lebna > lemna | bn > mn | ᴹ✶lebnā > N. lhevon | ✧ Ety/LEB |
| sθabne > sθamne | bn > mn | ᴹ✶stabnē > ON. sthamne | ✧ Ety/STAB |
| tubna > tumna | bn > mn | ᴹ✶tubnā > N. tofn | ✧ Ety/TUB |
| utubno > utumno | bn > mn | ᴹ✶Utubnu > N. Udūn | ✧ Ety/TUB |
| eljadme > eljanme | dm > nm | ON. elyadme > N. eilian(w) | ✧ Ety/ƷEL |
| jadme > janme | dm > nm | ᴹ✶yatmā > N. ianw | ✧ Ety/YAT |
| ledmbasse > lenmbasse | dm > nm | ✶led(e)mbasse > S. lembas | ✧ PE17/52 |
| ledmembasse > lenmembasse | dm > nm | ✶ledme-mbassē > S. lembas | ✧ PE17/51 |
| ledmembasta > lenmembasta | dm > nm | ✶ledme-mbasta > lenm(e)mbast(a) > lenmbast > S. lembas | ✧ PE17/51 |
| madna > manna | dn > nn | ᴹ✶matna > N. mann | ✧ EtyAC/MAT |
| padna > panna | dn > nn | ᴹ✶patnā > N. pann | ✧ Ety/PAT |
| padna- > panna- | dn > nn | ᴹ√PAT > N. panno | ✧ Ety/PAT |
| dogme > doŋme | gm > ŋm | ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > dogme > dongme > ON. doume | ✧ Ety/DOƷ |
| nagma > naŋma | gm > ŋm | ᴹ✶nakma > N. naew | ✧ Ety/NAK |
| ragme > raŋme | gm > ŋm | ON. ragme > N. rhaew | ✧ Ety/RAK |
| sagma > saŋma | gm > ŋm | ᴹ✶sagmā > N. saew | ✧ Ety/SAG |
| sagma > saŋma | gm > ŋm | ON. sagma > saʒmh > sae̯mh > N. saęw | ✧ PE22/32 |
| tagma > taŋma | gm > ŋm | ᴹ✶takmā > N. taew | ✧ Ety/TAK |
| tegma > teŋma | gm > ŋm | ✶tekmā > tegmā > teŋw > S. tēw | ✧ PE17/43 |
| tegma > teŋma | gm > ŋm | ✶tek-mā > S. tew | ✧ PE17/44 |
| tegma > teŋma | gm > ŋm | ✶tekma > teŋ̃ma > S. tēw | ✧ PE17/44 |
| tegma > teŋma | gm > ŋm | ON. tegma > teiw > N. tew | ✧ PE22/31 |
| tegme > teŋme | gm > ŋm | ᴹ✶tekmē > N. tîw | ✧ Ety/TEK |
| tegmi > teŋmi | gm > ŋm | ✶tekmāi > tekmī > tiŋw > S. tīw | ✧ PE17/43 |
| tegmi > teŋmi | gm > ŋm | ✶teñmi > tiñm(i) > S. tîw | ✧ PE17/44 |
| kugna > kuŋna | gn > ŋn | ᴹ✶kuʒnā > N. cûn | ✧ Ety/KUƷ |
| legna > leŋna | gn > ŋn | ᴹ√LEK > lhein > N. lhain | ✧ Ety/LEK |
| lugne > luŋne | gn > ŋn | ᴹ✶lugni > N. lhûn | ✧ Ety/LUG² |
| lugni > luŋni | gn > ŋn | ᴹ✶lugni > N. luin | ✧ Ety/LUG² |
| magna > maŋna | gn > ŋn | ON. magna > N. maen | ✧ Ety/MAƷ|MAG |
| ndagno > ndaŋno | gn > ŋn | ON. ndagno > N. daen | ✧ Ety/NDAK |
| ragna > raŋna | gn > ŋn | ᴹ√RAG > N. rhaen | ✧ EtyAC/REG |
| ragna > raŋna | gn > ŋn | ON. ragna > N. rhaen | ✧ Ety/RAG |
| regna > reŋna | gn > ŋn | ᴹ√REG > rhein > N. rhain | ✧ Ety/REG |
| rigna > riŋna | gn > ŋn | ᴹ√RIG > N. rhîn | ✧ Ety/RIG |
| tagna > taŋna | gn > ŋn | ᴹ✶taʒna > N. taen | ✧ Ety/TĀ |