✶Ad. [pʰ] ‹ph›

✶Ad. [pʰ] ‹ph›
Pronounced as English “p” but always aspirated (with a puff of air) as in English “pin”. Tolkien represented this sound with the digraph “ph” as he generally did with aspirates (SD/416). In Classical Adûnaic it became the labial spirant [f] which (somewhat confusingly) Tolkien also represented by “ph” (SD/418-9).

References ✧ SD/416, 419, 421

Element In

Phonetic Development

✶Ad. stops became aspirates after aspirates {ptk}ʰpʰ < {ptk}ʰb ✧ SD/421 ([{ptk}ʰb] > [{ptk}ʰpʰ])
✶Ad. stops became aspirates after aspirates {ptk}ʰpʰ < {ptk}ʰp ✧ SD/421 ([{ptk}ʰp] > [{ptk}ʰpʰ])
Ad. aspirates became voiceless spirants pʰ > f ✧ SD/418 (Ph > Ph); SD/419 (Ph > F)