AQ. [ln] became [ld]; [ln] > [ld]
In (Ancient) Quenya, the combination ln became ld, a change mentioned in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s (PE19/48) and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s (PE19/100). This change is most noticeable in adjective forms from roots ending with L, where the primitive adjective suffix -nā produced Quenya adjectives ending in -lda:
The exact timing of this sound change is hard to nail down, but as demonstrated by (one of) the etymologies of Elda, it must have occurred after the Quenya syncope:
This change only occurred for the dental nasal n; the combination lm is a favored group in Quenya and remained unchanged (PE19/48, 100).
Conceptual Development: The combination ln is fairly common in the Early Qenya of the 1910s, for example: ᴱQ. pilna “arrow” (QL/74) and ᴱQ. †qalna “dead” (QL/76). This makes it unlikely that this sound change was part of Tolkien’s earliest conception of Qenya. Tolkien seems to have decided that ln mutated sometime in the 1930s, but the earliest entries in The Etymologies of the 1930s seem to show ln > ll:
The second example was rejected when Tolkien revised this root ᴹ√SKAL >> ᴹ√SKEL, at which point he change the adjective to ᴹQ. helda (with ld) as shown above. Furthermore, ᴹQ. nulla appeared beside an alternate form nulda, and may well represent a blending with nulla “dark, dusky, obscure” < ᴹ✶ndulla (Ety/NDUL). Thus, it seems Tolkien updated this phonetic rule to ln > ld fairly quickly.
Reference ✧ PE19/100
Order (03900)
After | 00300 | second short vowel of same quality lost | ✶elenā > Q. elda | PE17/152 |
Phonetic Rule Elements
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> |
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✧ PE19/100 (ln > ld) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
elnā > eldā | ln > ld | ✶elenā > Q. Elda | ✧ PE17/139 |
elnā > eldā | ln > ld | ✶elenā > Q. elda | ✧ PE17/152 |
elni > eldi | ln > ld | ✶elni > Q. †eldi | ✧ PE17/151 |
ɣwalna > ɣwalda | ln > ld | ✶walna > Q. walda | ✧ PE17/154 |
julna > julda | ln > ld | ✶-na > *yulna > Q. yulda | ✧ PE17/68 |
malnā > maldā | ln > ld | ✶malnā > Q. malda | ✧ PE17/51 |
melnā > meldā | ln > ld | ✶melnā > meldā > Q. melda | ✧ PE17/41 |
melnā > meldā | ln > ld | ✶mel-nā > Q. melda | ✧ PE17/56 |
palnā > paldā | ln > ld | ✶palnā > Q. palda | ✧ VT47/8 |
polna > polda | ln > ld | Q. pol > Q. polda | ✧ PE17/115 |
telna > telda | ln > ld | √TELE > Q. telda | ✧ WJ/411 |
ᴹAQ. [ln] became [ld]; [ln] > [ld]
Reference ✧ PE19/48
Phonetic Rule Elements
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> |
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✧ PE19/51 (ln > ld); PE19/51 (lny > ldy) |
|
> |
|
Phonetic Rule Examples
ɣwilnā > ɣwildā | ln > ld | ᴹ✶wilnā > wilda > ᴹQ. vilda | ✧ EtyAC/WIL |
kulna > kulda | ln > ld | ᴹ√KUL > ᴹQ. kulda | ✧ Ety/KUL |
melnā > meldā | ln > ld | ᴹ√MEL > ᴹQ. melda | ✧ Ety/MEL |
ndulna > nulda | ln > ld | ᴹ✶ndulna > ᴹQ. nulda | ✧ Ety/DUL |
xalnā > xaldā | ln > ld | ᴹ✶skalnā > ᴹQ. halda | ✧ Ety/SKAL¹ |
xelnā > xeldā | ln > ld | ᴹ✶skelnā > ᴹQ. helda | ✧ Ety/SKEL |
xalna > skalla | ln > ll | ᴹ✶skalnā > ᴹQ. halla | ✧ EtyAC/SKEL |