others | [a] | [ā] | [ai] | [au] | [b] | [d] | [e] | [ē] | [g] | [h] | [i] | [iu] | [j] | [l] | [m] | [n] | [ŋ] ‹ñ› | [o] | [ō] | [p] | [r] | [t] | [u] | [ui] | [v] | [w] | †[z] | [ø] | †[ɾ] ‹ř› |
aspirates became voiceless spirants | [{ptk}ʰ] | > | [{ɸθx}] | |
aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops | [{ptk}tʰ] | > | [{ptk}t] | |
[ę̄], [ǭ] became [ā] | [ę̄|ǭ] | > | [ā] | |
initial [ɣ] became [h] | [ɣ-] | > | [h-] | |
initial nasalized voiced stops became stops | [mb-|nd-|ŋg-] | > | [b-|d-|g-] | |
initial [ŋ] vanishes | [ŋ-] | > | [ø-] | |
initial [sm], [sn] became nasals [m], [n] | [sm-|sn-] | > | [m-|n-] | |
initial [w] became [v] | [w-] | > | [v-] | |
[mt], [md] became [mpt] | [m{td}] | > | [mpt] | |
palatalized velars became dentals | [{kkʰgŋ}j-|ŋgj-] | > | [{ttʰdn}-|nd-] | |
[s] medially between vowels became [z] | [VsV] | > | [VzV] | |
[z] became [ɾ] | [z] | > | [ɾ] | |
[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel | [Vzd] | > | [V̄d] | |
[ɾ] became [r] | [ɾ] | > | [r] |