[z] became [s] before [x] and [s], and after aspirates, [s] and [x] |
[z{sx}|{pʰtʰkʰsx}z] |
> |
[s{sx}|{pʰtʰkʰsx}s] |
00100 |
[ŋx] became [xx] |
[ŋx] |
> |
[xx] |
00200 |
nasals became voiceless stops before voiceless stops, aspirates and [s] |
[{mnŋ}{ppʰttʰkkʰs}] |
> |
[{ptk}{ppʰttʰkkʰs}] |
00300 |
[w] and [j] became [u] and [i] before consonants and finally |
[wC|-w|jC|-j] |
> |
[uC|-u|iC|-i] |
00400 |
[ɣ] became [w], [j] between [u], [i] and another vowel |
[uɣV|iɣV] |
> |
[uwV|ijV] |
00500 |
[ɣ] vanished before a consonants and finally while lengthening the preceding vowel |
[VɣC|-Vɣ] |
> |
[V̄øC|-V̄ø] |
00600 |
[ɣ] vanished initially and between vowels |
[ɣ-|VɣV] |
> |
[ø-|VøV] |
00700 |
[ɣ] assimilated to preceding voiced consonants |
[{bdglrzmŋ}₁ɣ] |
> |
[C₁C₁] |
00800 |
[ɣ] became [h] after voiceless consonants |
[{ptkpʰtʰkʰsx}₁ɣ] |
> |
[C₁h] |
00900 |
spirant [x] became breath [h] except before [s] and for double [xx] |
[x{!sx}|-x] |
> |
[hX|-h] |
01000 |
[ŋŋ] became [ŋg] |
[ŋŋ] |
> |
[ŋg] |
01100 |
aspirates became voiceless spirants |
[{ptk}ʰ] |
> |
[{fθx}] |
01200 |
voiceless stops became spirants before homorganic spirants |
[pf|tθ|kx] |
> |
[ff|θθ|xx] |
01300 |
voiceless stops became spirants before [θ] |
[{pk}θ] |
> |
[{fx}θ] |
01400 |
adjacent like vowels contract and lengthen |
[uu|ii|aa] |
> |
[ū|ī|ā] |
01500 |
short diphthongs [ai] and [au] monophthongized to [ē] and [ō] |
[ăĭ|ăŭ] |
> |
[ē|ō] |
01600 |
long diphthongs shortened their second vowel |
[VV̄] |
> |
[V̄V̆] |
01700 |
[ōu] and [ēi] became over-long [ō] and [ē] |
[ōu|ēi] |
> |
[ō|ē] |
01800 |
glide consonant [w] or [j] was inserted between [u] or [i] and a following distinct vowel |
[uøV|iøV] |
> |
[uwV|ijV] |
01900 |